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Adolescence is marked by significant biological transitions as children undergo puberty on the path to adulthood. Hormonal changes during puberty drive growth spurts, body hair development, and sexual maturation. These changes coincide with brain development in regions linked to reasoning, planning, and self-control. Biological factors likely contribute to teens’ shifting sleep patterns, as melatonin release is delayed making it harder to fall asleep early. Many teens struggle to get enough sleep due to staying up late on devices, homework demands, and early school start times. Lack of sleep can negatively impact learning, memory, mood, and impulse control. Schools and parents should promote healthy sleep habits for teens by setting reasonable bedtimes, limiting late screen use, and advocating for later school start times that better match teens’ natural sleep cycles. Adequate sleep is crucial for teens’ physical, cognitive, and psychosocial maturation.