design a google site page addressing the four cardinal categories of symptoms that lead to a diagnosis of PTSD.
Re-experiencing the event
Avoidance/Numbing symptoms
Increased Arousal symptoms
Cognition and Mood symptoms

PTSD in Nurses

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PTSD in Nurses

Re-experiencing the event

The symptoms are often grouped into four types such as re-experiencing the event, avoidance, increased arousal, and cognitive and mood symptoms. The symptoms include recurrent, unwanted distressing memories of the event (Hosseininejad et al., 2019). Patients also experience a feeling that resembles as if the event is happening again. These feelings may also be referred to as flashbacks. It is also associated with nightmares about the event (Hosseininejad et al., 2019). Patients may report severe emotional distress or physical reactions to any reminder of the traumatic event.

Avoidance/Numbing symptoms

The avoidance category of PTSD symptoms involves avoiding certain people, places, and situations that trigger bad memories related to the traumatic event. Patients can also avoid talking or thinking about the event and may change their daily activities or routine due to the issue (Foa et al., 2019). For instance, one may change their route back home or even transportation method due to a traumatic event.

Increased Arousal symptoms

The symptoms may include being easily frightened or startled. Patients may always remain on guard for danger. Arousal symptoms also include self-destruction behaviors such as excessive drinking (Foa et al., 2019). Patients may also experience difficulty concentrating and overwhelming guilt or shame. A person experiencing these reactivity symptoms may have trouble sleeping or concentrating.

Cognition and Mood symptoms

Cognitive symptoms include negative thoughts about one’s self, other people, or the world. Additionally, patients may experience hopelessness ness about the future, memory problems, and difficulty maintaining close relationships (Hosseininejad et al., 2019). Other symptoms include dissociation from family and friends, lack of interest in certain activities that were once loved, difficulty experiencing positive emotions, and a feeling of emotional numbness.

References

Foa, E. B., Hembree, E. A., Rothbaum, B. O., & Rauch, S. A. M. (2019). Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD: Emotional processing of traumatic experiences.  Oxford University Press.

Hosseininejad, S. M., Jahanian, F., Elyasi, F., Mokhtari, H., Koulaei, M. E., & Pashaei, S. M. (2019). The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among emergency nurses: a cross sectional study in northern Iran. BioMedicine, 9(3). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711322/